HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES,  Jitu.  15,  1864.— Referred  t 

the  Committee  on  Claims  and  ordered  to  bu  ptinted. 

[By  Mr.  Staplh^.' 


'To  the  H&norahu  the  Senait  and  House  nf  Repre&entatu'es  of  itit 

Conftderate  ^tott: oi'  America,  hi  Congrtss  aastt/ibkc' 

1  ii^.t;  lUc  iiouor  to  curumuiiioatt;  to  your  iiouoiuble  body  cojjies  ^ 
lately  passed  curreiipoudence  betweoU  the  Secretary  of  .War  and  myseU, 
re^pL-etfuliy  begging  you  that  it  may  be.  considered  conjointly  with 
uther  papei-a.  relating  to  my  claim  of  brigadier's  salary,  or  of  refund- 
ing to  me  expenses  actually,  incurred  in  raising  my  brigade,  being 
luw  before  the  Commitli^c  on  Claims  f  the  Iljuse  of  llepresentacives. 
"With  grea-t  respect,  I  am, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

G.  TOCHMVX. 
Richmond,  Va.,  Jan.  13,  18G4. 


GEX.  TOCHMA.N  TO  MR.  SEDDON. 

Richmond,  Va.,  Jan.  a,  1864,      ) 
^0.  1U7,  Spottswood  Hotel.  < 
Hon.  James  A.  Seddon, 

Secretary  of  War  Confederate  Stales : 

SfK  :  1  do  not  hnd  recorded  in  the  document's  office  of  your  Depart- 
iiunttbe  letter  which  I  addressed,  and  personally  handed  to  ycu,  on  th^ 
4ih  of  December  last,  requesting  you  to  review  your  decision  thcreia 
referred  to,  iu  the  case  relating  to  the  claim,  either  of  brigadier's  aal- 
aiy,  due  mo  for  the  period  I  raised  ny  brigade,  (its  troops  being  in 
the  service  of  the  Confederate  States  since  the  commencement  of  this 
T.ar,)  or  of  refunding  to  me  five  thousand  nino  hundred  and  twenty- 
live  dollars,  in  gold,  and  one  thousand  six  hundred  dollars  in  the  cur- 
rency of  the  Confederate  States,  expended  in  raising  that  brigade, 
•VC- — its  command  having  been  taken  from  me  without  c&uee  attributa- 
ble to  mo. 

Anxious  to  bring  thia  matter  to  a  iinal  issue,  to  enable  me  to 
go  to  Europe,  to  help  my  native  land  (Poland)  in  her  present  struggle, 


I  have,  almost  simultaneously  with  han<linji:  that  letter  to  you,  ad- 
dre>H<l  inj%elf  to  Congress,  too;_:itiil  the  case  is  now  before  the  Com- 
miifee  on  Claims,  as  you  ^11  see  l>y  rrferei  ce  to  the'enclosed  record, 
(primed  by  order  of  the  House,)  and  a  c<>py  of  the  letter  I  subse- 
quently addressed  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Aflfiiirs,  to  which  this  case  was  oiiginally  ieferre<i.  Bu*  Jt  is  obvious 
that  \o«r  decision,  whatever  it  may  be,  would  enable  that  committee 
to  take  up  the  case  and  report  it  sooner  than  they  can  do  it  without 
heuing'  from  you. 

Ihere  are  only  two  ways  of  bringing  this  case  to  its  proper  conclu- 
sion. The  record  before  you  settles  the  fact  that  the  command  of 
troops  I  raised,  under  the  express  agreement  that  I  would  command 
them.  VHS  tak«*n  fn»m  me  without  a  taiiso  attriliutable  to  me.  If, 
then,  the  Piesident  is  disposi-d  to  do  me  full  justice,  it  is  in  his  power 
to  do  HO,  by  directing  you  to  issue  my  brigadier  s  commission,  dating 
from  the  time  I  reported  my  brigade  raised.  If  he  persists  in  his  un- 
TvilliDgness  to  do  me  this  justice, 

"  Tlic  njild  Imuor  of  luj  UHiiie  I  buavt, 
Ad  1  find  oi;  empire  iLero." 

And  respectfully  beg  you  to  recommend  to  Congress  that  my  ex- 
penses (five  thousand  nine  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars,  in  gold, 
and  otie  thousand  six  hundred  dollars  in  the  Confederate  States  cur- 
rency) be  refunded  to  me : 

This  last  request,  I  hope,  will  not  be  objected  to  ;  for  this  is  the 
only  way  of  settling  this  matter,  when  the  President  has  already 
directed  you  to  '•  notice  my  claim  for  money,  as  it  shall  be  found  to 
relate  to  any  object  for  which  the  funds  of  your  Department  are  appli- 
cable," (page  twelve  of  the  enclosed  recoid,*)  and  when  you  have  de- 
ci<led  thai  you  '*  hive  not  been  invested  with  the  power  or  means  of 
paying  for  official  services  where  no  commission  had  been  issued." 
(The  same  page  ol  the  enclosed  recotd.) 
1  Lave  the  hoiior,  sir,  to  be, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

(jr.  TOCHMAN. 


GEN.  TOCHMAN  TO  MR.  FOOTE. 

Richmond,  \x.yDec.  16,  1863. 
Hon.  II.  S.  Foote: 

LtAR  Sir  :  Hon.  ^\ .  i*.  Miles,  Ilon.  J.  Mc(^ueeu,and  several  other 
members  of  Congress,  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  Committee  on  For- 
eign AfF.iirs  cannot  take  cognizance  of  my  cluim,  set  forth  in  the  let- 
ter I  addressed  to  you,  as  the  chairman  thereof,  on  the  5th  of  Decem- 
ber. They  consider  the  motives  stated  in  that  letter,  which  led  me  to 
submit  the  case  to  the  "  cognizance,  mediation  or  recommendation," 

*It  refers  to  the  recori  printed  by  order  of  the  Houae,  DeceTabor  10,  ISOo. 


of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  to  be  '*  incidental,"  and  the 
claim  of  brigadier'.s  palary,  or  of  refundirifr  me  the  expenses  incurred 
in  raising  niv  brigade,  as  the  subject  settling  the  jurisdicion  of  the 
case,  which,  in  their  opinion,  belongs  exclusively  to  the  Committee  on 
Cliiims.  It  has  not  been  my  intention  to  have  the  benefir,  of  preference  of 
either  of  these  two  coinraittees.  I  begged  you  to  have  referred  this  case 
to  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Aflfjiirs  solely  because  it  appeared  to  me 
rhiil.  the  Store  policy  iot  forth  in  my  ietler  to  the  Secretary  of  State 
wns  paramount  to  my  p  ouniary  claim.  When,  however,  there  ap- 
pearcs  to  bp  a  difference  of  rpinion  on  this  point.  I  ^neld  mine,  and 
respectfully  beg  you,  and  the  committee  over  which  you  preside,  to 
secure  its  unanimity  by  leoommending  that  th  s  case  be  referred  to 
the  Committee  on  Claims. 

With  the  assurance  of  regard. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

G.  TOCHMAN. 


MR.  SEDDON  TO  GEN.  TOCHMAN. 

CoNFF.nRRATE    StaTES    OF    AmE!UCV,  ^ 

War  Df'partment,  > 

Richm)nd,   Va,  Jan.   Tth,    1864.) 

G.  TocHMAN,  Esq.,  Bickmomly   Fa.  : 

Sir:  I  have  received  and  considered  your  letters  of  the  4th  of 
December,  1863,  and  the  2<i  inst.,  relative  to  your  cl  lim  for  expenses 
incurred  in  raising  troops  for  the  Confederate  service. 

On  a  review  of  the  whole  case  presented  by  you,  1  cannot  see  that 
injustice  ha>^  been  done  you.  The  nature  of  the  authority  given  you, 
manifestly,  in  my  judgmeat,  shows  that  the  troops  were  to  be  raised 
abroad;  else  why  the  stipulation  that  ofhcers  should  be  sunt  to  enlist 
them?  The  r^^ference  to  the  regim^'nts,  wiih  the  o'licers.  if  acceptable, 
are  all  the  same  view.  'JVoops  emit  i  not  be  enli->ted  abroad  ;  thny  could 
only  be  engaged  to  c  )me  in.  Hence,  they  had  to  be  enlisted  by  C.^ufed- 
erate  authorities  liere.  Officers,  too,  might  be  engaged  abro id,  and 
arrangements  were  made  to  accept  ihem,  likewise.  No  pecuniary 
claim  could  arise  against  the  depirtment  unless  from  a  commission 
issued,  and  as  that  of  itrigadier  general  was  not  conferred,  no  power 
f'u-  the  pay  of  such  olSce  or  iis  ecjuivaient  can  exist  Besides,  the 
matter  had  limg  been  determined  before  my  connection  with  this 
department.  I  do  not  see  the  force  of  equities  presented  in  the  case, 
but  if  they  exist,  they  pertain  to  the  jurisdiction  of  Congress,  and 
would  not  justify  an^'  action  or  recommendation  on  my  part. 

Vour  obedient  servant,  i 

JAMES  A.  SEDDON, 

Secretary  of  War. 


4 

GEN.  TOCHMAN  TO  MR.  SEDDON. 

RrciiMOND,  Va.,  Jan.    12tb,    1SG4. 
To  Hon.  Jamfs  A.  Seddon, 

Secretary  of  War,  C.   S.  : 

Sir  :  On  the  17th  of  February,  1863.  you  wrote'  to  me  a  letter, 
■which  reads  as  follows: 

"  Your  claim  for  perviccp  as  recruiiinfi  agent  is  apparently  a  just 
one,  but  Congress  has  not  aftorded  to  this  department  the  power  or 
means  of  paying  for  official  services  in  cases  where  no  commission 
has  been  issued.  A  great  many  claims  of  this  vaturc,  whose  merits 
'ire  not  denied,  have  been  rejected  for  this  reason.  The  department 
has  recommended  to  Congress  to  make  same  provision  for  them,  and 
until  that  is  donp,  it  is  without  power  or  means  to  act. 

"Respectfully.  Jamf.s  A,  Skddon, 

**Secr(tary  of  IFflr." 

By  an  answer,  bearing  the  date  of  March  2,  1863,  I  have  corrected 
your  misconstruction  of  the  authority  under  which  I  raised  my  brigade, 
informing  you  therein,  that  I  have  never  acted  in  the  capacity  of  a 
recruiting  agent ;  that,  being  a  field  officer  of  the  Polish  army,  in 
183(1  and  18;il,  I  would  have  never  sacrificed  my  property  in  the 
United  States,  th.e  Avelfare  of  my  family  I  left  there,  and  all  my 
prospects  at  the  North,  to  be  a  mere  recruiting  agent,  ray  most  sincere 
devotion  to  the  cause  of  the  Confederate  States,  notwithstanding  ;  that 
I  raised  that  brigade  of  troops  for  my  own  corxmand,  which  was 
taken  from  me  in  violation  of  the  authority  stipulated  for  under  the 
provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress,  No.  I<i9.  approved  May  8,  1861. 
and  accepted  by  me  from  your  predecessor,  Mr.  Walker ;  and  1 
respectfully  requested  you  to  inform  me  what  occasion  gave  place  to 
your  addressing  me  as  a  recruitmg  agent. 

Your  reply  bearing  date  of  March  4,  1863,  was  as  follows: 
"  Your  letter  of  the  2d  instant,  has  been  received.  In  reply,  you 
are  respectfully  informed  that  the  Department,  in  its  letter  of  the  17th 
ultimo,  had  no  inUntion  of  disparaging  the  character  or  justice  of  your 
claims,  but  merely  desired  to  communicate  the  fact  that  (congress  had 
notinvested  it  with  the  power  to  acknowledge  and  pay  them.*' 

Respectfully, 
Igr;^  ^  _  James  A.  Seddon, 

Secretary  of  War. 

After  this  reply,  which  1  considered  as  disclaimer  of  the  oj/'ensive 
construction  «f  that  authority  under  which  I  raised  my  tro:>ps,  you 
again  returned  to  that  olfensive  construction  in  the  letter  bearing  date 
January  7,  1864,  addressed  to  me  in  answer  to  the  claim,  either  of 
paying  me  brigadier's  salary  for  three  years,  this  being  the  period 
for  which  I  raised  my  brigade,  and  its  regiments  being  in  service  of 
the  Confederate  States  since  the  commencement  of  the  war;  or,  of 
refunding  to  me  five  thousand  nine  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars  in 
jgold,  !wad  oxxe  thousand  six  hundred  in  tb©  currency  of  the  Confede- 


rate  States,  actually  expended  in  raising  those  troops,  <fec.,  exclusive 
of  heavy  losses  in  pr<  perty.  &c.,  to  which  my  siding  with  the  South 
has  submitted  m*^ ;  which  last  mentioned  losses  I  consider  as  the 
result  arising  from  the  ordinary  inci<lents  of  war,  and  claim  nothing 
therefor. 

In  that  letter,  bearing  date  of  Jnnuary  7,  1864,  you  say:  '*  On  a 
review  of  the  whole  case  presented  by  you,  I  cannot  see  that  injustice 
has  been  done  you." 

And  to  support  this,  your  view  of  my  case,  you  allege — 

"  The  nature  of  the  authoiity  given  you,  raanifestly,  in  my  judg- 
ment, shows  that  the  troops  were  to  be  raised  abroad;  else  why  the 
stipulation  that  officers  should  be  sent  to  enlist  them  ?  The  reference 
to  the  regiments  with  the  officers,  if  acceptable,  are  all  the  same 
view." 

Now,  sir,  the  record  on  file  in  your  Department  shows,  that  though 
the  President  endorsed  on  the  bundle  of  my  papers  filed  in  Moat- 
gomery,  Ala.,  "appointed  colonel  May  11,  1861,  file  carefully ,^^  my 
regular  commission  was  not  issued.  The  authority  under  which  I 
rai.sed  my  troops,  was  addres?ed  to  me  as  major,  which  rank  I  held  in 
the  Polish  army  in  lSrJU-3l.  The  regular  commission  was  to  be 
issued  when  I  raise  my  troops :  of  colonel,  if  I  raised  one  regiment, 
and  of  brigadier,  if  I  raised  a  brigade  ;  which  privilege  was  extended 
and  granted  to  me  by  that  authority,  subsequently  to  the  foregoing 
endorsement,  "  appointed  colonel  May  8,  1861."  It  is  obvious,  then, 
that  not  being  a  regularly  commissioned  officer  of  the  army  of  the 
Confederate  States  at  the  time  of  raising  my  troops,  I  could  not  enlist 
or  muster  into  service  ray  men.  An  agency  of  commissioned  officers 
to  do  this  was  required,  and  as  it  was  not  expected  that  I  could  raise 
all  my  troops  in  one  pluce  in  the  Confederate  States,  being  allowed  to 
accept  but  a  small  number  of  the  natives  of  this  country,  it  Avas  stipu- 
lated and  inserted  in  the  autiiority  accepted  by  me.  that  "  such  officers 
of  the  army,  as  may  be  necessary,  will  be  detailed  at  such  points  within 
the  Confederacy,  as  I  may  indicate,  to  enlist  the  men."  That  so  was 
understood  at  the  time  of  my  accepting  that  authority,  and  so  must 
be  understood  now  "  the  stipulation  that  officers  should  be  sent  to 
enlist  the  men,"  and  not  so  as  you  have  been  ph-ased  to  construe  it, 
proves  the  fact,  which  cannot  be  over-leaped  t>y  any  cavil,  that  your 
predecessor,  Mr.  Walker,  who  stipulated  with  me  for  raising  these 
troops  and  drew  the  authority,  knew  where  1  was  raising  them,  and 
fully  endorsed  my  proceedings  in  this  respect,  as  the  following  official 
correspondence,  herein  attached  in  a  printed  cut,  shows  it: 

TELEGRAPHIC  DISPATCHES. 
1st.  From  the  Secretary  of  War. 

"  Dated  Richmond,  June  ifl,  1861.     Received.  New  Orleans,  Juno 
19,  1861, o'clock, min.  M." 

To  Col.  Gasper  Tor  inn  an  : 

•♦  Our  supply  of  arm  i  is  so  limited  that  you  had  better  not  undertake 
to  raise  exceeding  a  regiment. 

L.  P.  Walkka." 


2d.  Answer  to  above,  by  tekgrnph.  • 

"  Hk^DQUARTERS  OF    THE    POLTSH    BrIRADE,   C.     S.     A.,         ) 

"  N(V)  Orleans,  La.,  57,  St.  Charles  Street,  June  20,  IbGl.  ] 

*'  Hon.  L.  P.    IValksr,  Secretary  of  ]V<ir,  Rirhmond,  Fa.  : 

"  Twenty  companies  are  already  raised,  uniformed  .aitddrillinjj,  here, 
and  some  in  Mississippi;  seven  iwustered  into  service  and  encamped  at 
Amite.  Six  were  to  be  mustered  in  to-day,  and  the  rest  on  Saturday. 
Shoul<l  you  curtail  me  now  to  one  regiment,  it  would  cause  a  good  deal  of 
troul)le,  loss  at»d  diss  It ist'action.  Tlieconfiiionceof  those  who  responded 
to  my  proclamation  w-.uld  be  irretrievably  lost,  and  the  iavorable  reac- 
tion amongst  the  foreigners,  which  the  announcement  of  my  forming 
the  Polish  Brigade  has  elicited  in  Missouri  and  the  North,  wouli  be 
checked.  Blease,  then,  advise  with  the  President.  I  will  keep  up 
the  work  quietly,  until  further  orders.  Should  you  send  me  arms  im- 
mediately, the  whole  Brigade  would  take  the  field  in  less  than  thirty 
days. 

'«  G.  TOCHMAN." 

3rd.   Secretary's  answer  to  the  above,  })y  telegraph. 

"  Dated  Richmond,  June  2ii,  ItfGI.  Received,  New  Orleans,  June 
30,  18GI  " 

''  To  Col.  G.   Tochman  : 

*'  If  the  companies  are  raised,  of  course  I  shall  not  interfere.  Let 
them  be  mustered  into  service. 

''L.  P.  Walker.." 

It  follows,  from  the  foregoing  facts,  establi?lied  by  this  official  cor- 
respondence, which  is  conclusive,  and  settles  the  interpretation  of  my 
authority  in  question,  that  *'  the  reference  to  the  regiments,  with  the 
officers,  if  acceptable,"'?ha8  no  other  raeanii.g  than  the  assurance  stipu- 
lated that  f  uch  officers,  as  I  may  bring  into  service  with  my  regiments, 
should  be  accepted  by  the  Government,  if  there  was  n.thing  objec- 
tionable to  their  character.  And  this  pledge  of  your  predecessor  was 
fully  respected.  Only  one  officer,  Frank  Sohaller,  Major  of  the  2d 
Polish  r.giiuen!.  oi  my  brigade,  which  is  now  designated  "fifteenth 
Louisiana  regiment,"  as  droppd  by  him  to  make  room  for  another 
individual  But,  upon  my  protesting  against  it.  His  Excellency  the 
President  reinstated  him  in  the  service,  and  promoted  him  to  the  rank 
of  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  twenty-second  Misssissippi  regiment,  oi' 
which  he  is  now  coinmandmg  Colonel. 

To  strengthen  hese  faulty  postulates,  and  to  maintain,  based  upon 
it,  your  view  of  my  case  that  "  no  injustice  has  been  done  to  me,"  you 
further  allege  in  that  letter,  '-Troops  could  not  be  enlisted  abroad; 
they  could  only  be  engaged  to  come  in.  'Hence,  they  had  to  be  en- 
listed by  the  Confederate  authorities  here.  Officers,  ttio,  might  be 
engaged  abroad,  and  arrangements  were  made  to  accept  them  like- 
wise.^' 

All  this  could  have  been  done.  I  do  not  contest  it ;  but  I  have  not 
w»dertaken  to  go  abroad  to  bring  here  men  or  officers  to  be  enlisted 


by  the  Confedederate  aiitborities.  Nor  have  1  ever  made  arrange- 
ments you  speak  of  that  "  they  were  made  to  accept  the  officers  like- 
wise." My  authority  is  toopUiin  and  unHmbi;iU'.;us  to  admit  so  strange, 
and  oflen'sive  to  me,  construction.  Your  predecessor  who  drew  it 
and  stipuhited  with  me, for  its  acceptance,  never  dreamed  of  giving  it 
a  construction  so  inconsistent  with  what  I  have  undertaken  to  do  for 
the  Confederate  States,  and  so  adverse  to  the  prinriples  of  the  inter- 
national law,  to  which  I  referred  you  in  ray  lefter  of  December  4,  1863, 
which  defines  the  action  urged  by  you,  to  be  a  •'  crime, "  a  "  kidnap- 
ping or  stealing  men,"  punishable  by  "  hanging,''  and  exposing  the 
State,  that  would  adopt  or  authorize  it  to  a  '*  war,  unless  suitable  rep- 
aration is  made."  {VatteVs  Law  of  Nations,  book  III,  chap.  2,  section 
1.5.) 

Resting  your  view  in  my  case  upon  so  strange,  singular  and  faulty 
postulates,  you  conclude  that  letter  : 

"  No  pecuniary  claim  could  arise  against  this  Department  unless 
from  a  commission  issued ;  and  as  that  of  Brigadier  General  was  not 
confered,  no  power  to  pay  of  such  office,  of  its  equivalent,  can  exist. 
Besides  the  matter  had  long  been  determined  before  my  connection 
with  the  Department.  I  do  not  see  the  force  of  equities  presented  in 
the  case,  but  if  they  exist,  they  pertain  to  the  jurisdiction  of  Congress 
and  would  not  justify  any  action  or  recommendation  on  my  part. 
**  Your  obedient  servant, 
^  *'  James  A.  Seddon, 

".  Secretary  of  Wu/r." 

Disclaiming  any  intention  to  be  indiscreet,  I  am  compelled  lo  answer 
this,  your  conclusion,  by  saying  that,  had  the  Confederate  States  no 
laws  regulating  and  securing  rights  of  individuals,  acquired  by  deal- 
ing with  their  Government,  my  pecuniary  claim  might  be  barred  by 
the  arbitrary  v/ithholding  of  that  commission  to  which  lam  entitled  by 
having  performed  my  part  of  the  contract,  stipulated  with  your  pre- 
decessor. But  thanks  be  to  God,  we  live  yet  under  the  laws  regula- 
lating  our  conduct  and  guarding  our  rights.  I  will,  therefore,  search 
to  recover  what  is  due  to  me  where  you  direct  me. 

But,  sir,  I  cannot  close  this  communication  without  expressing  the 
sense  of  my  deeply  hurt  feelings.  I  lost  all  mr.terial  wordly  gQods  in 
1834,  because  I  did  not  bend  my  neck  before  the  autocrat  of  Russia, 
and  refused  to  accept,  four  times  offered  me,  amnesty,  when  I  was  in 
Prussia,  and  subsequently  in  France.  I  carried  only  from  the  old 
world,  and  brought  to  the  new,  my  honor,  good  name  and  character. 
That,  for  the  purpose  of  subserving  a  mistaken  political  convenience  of 
no  public  interest,  an  attempt  should  be  made  by  a  republican  Executive 
of  the  Confederate  States,  whose  cause  I  have  embraced,  to  assign  to  me 
a  degrading  position,  to  deprive  me  of  that  which  the  Czar  did  not  dare, 
and  could  not  grasp  ;  and  that  it  should  be  attempted  with  unrelenting 
obstinacy,  without  the  least  regard  to  their  own  interest,  and  upon 
strained  faulty  postulates,  is  more  than  can  be  endured.  I  will  not, 
however,  turn  a  Marcius  Coiolanus.  But  I  sincerely  wish  I  had  not 
lived  to  record  so  sad  a  fact,  which  I  am  compelled  to  do  in  defence  of 
ray  honor,  good  name  and  character.     For,  Mr.  Secretary,  it  is  not  for 


brigaditrb  eomtnitssion  that  I  am  ccutendiag.     I  defend  my  right  to        J 
it  sultly  bcoauoe  tl:c  uiauner  in  which  the  command  of  my  brigade  was         j 
taken  from  me,  indepeudeut  of  what  I  have  yaid  just   above,  wouM 
leave  a  suspicion  ofia:  adeuieanor  having  been  committed  by  me,  uislet 
liese  faulty  nud  atrii'ued  postulates,  apuu  Avhich  the  Executive  base 
its  pio8ecuti'.>n  against  mc,be  fully  exposed  to  the  view  and  reoordt>  . 
1  bave  the  honor  to  be,  sir, 

Yunr  obedieiil  ;:5ervant, 


